In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
b. The games were held in Greece every four years.
c. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
d. Poem glorified the winners in song
Answer : A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads
The Reason : because the winners not only placed olived wreaths on their own heads but Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads.
2. The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to...
a. Aristocracy
b. Brave
c. Intellectuals
d. Muscular
Answer : A. Aristocracy
The Reason : Elite and aristocracy is have the same meaning : privileged class holding hereditary titles or the most powerful members of a society.
3. Why were The Olympic Games held?
a. To stop wars
b. To honor Zeus
c. To crown the best athletes
d. To sing songs about the athletes
Answer : B. To Honor Zeus
The Reason : in line 1 explained that the first Olympic games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.
4. Approximately how many years ago did these game originate?
a. 800 years
b. 1200 years
c. 2300 years
d. 2800 years
Answer : D. 2800 years
The reason : In 776 BC until 2012 it is approximately 2800. So, The Olympic Games began over 2,700 years ago.
5. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
a. They were pacifists.
b. They believed athletic events were important
c. They were very simple
d. They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates
Answer : B. They believed athletic events were important
The reason : The conclusion is They belived athletic events were important, because The greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four year cycles called Olympiad. And The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth.
6. What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.
b. The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs.
c. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games.
d. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivites so that they could go back to war when the games were over.
Answer : A. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks.
The reason : Because the script is contain in that The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth.
7. In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to...
a. Accomplishments
b. Ancestors
c. Documents
d. Property
Answer : A. Accomplishments
The reason : in Indonesian, deeds is meaning to ‘perbuatan’. But in this case, the winners of Olympic were having poems sung about their deeds, so ‘deeds’ more refers to ‘accomplishments’ that meaning to ‘pencapaian’.
8. Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes in the Olympics?
a. They must have completed military service
b. They had to attend special training sessions
c. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
d. They had to be very religious
Answer : C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
The reason : in line 6 indicates that “ but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
9. The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as...
a. Encourages
b. Started
c. Curtailed
d. Fixed
Answer : C. Curtailed
The reason : in Indonesian language halted it’s meaning diberhentikan same with Curtailed which mean dibatasi/dikurangi.
10. What is an “Olympiad” ?
a. The time it took to finish the games
b. The time between games
c. The it took to nfinish war
d. The time it took te athletes to train
Answer : B. The time between games
The reason :
in article explain that "The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads” and because the synonym of Olympiad could also be interpreted as The time between games.
STYLISTIC PROBLEM
1. The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s quetions...
a. Because he was afraid it would incriminate him
b. For fear that they will incriminate him
c. Because he was afraid that his answer would incriminate him
d. Fearing that he will be incriminated by it
Answer : C. Because he was afraid that his answer would incriminate
The reason : Because the sentences is having antecedent for the pronoun “he”
2. Mrs. Walker has returned...
a. A wallet back to its original owner
b. To its original owner the wallet
c. The wallet to its originally owner
d. The wallet to its original owner
Answer : D. The wallet to its original owner
The reason :
(A) Style error. It is redundant to say return … back.
(B) Grammar error. When the indirect object precedes the direct object, no preposition is possible.
(C) Grammar error. Originally is an adverb and is not correct because it modifies the noun owner.
(D) “Original” is correct because it explain the noun “owner
3. The hospital owes.....for the consrtuction of the new wing.
a. The government twenty million dollars
b. For the government twenty million dollars
c. To the government twenty million dollars
d. Twenty million of dollars to the government
Answer : A. The government twenty million dollars
The reason : Because in this sentence cannot use a preposition (like for, to, and of) when the indirect object precedes the direct object.
4. Sarah....that she could not attend classes next week.
a. Told to her professors
b. Said her professors
c. Told her professors
d. Is telling her professors
Answer : C. Told her professors
The reason : The grammar told her professors is past perfect tense. And told must be followed directly by indirect object.
5. The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because....
a. He painted very good
b. They belived he painted well
c. Of their belief that he was an good artist
d. The judges had been told of his talents
Answer : D. The judges had been told of his talents
The reason : Because, The judges is a correct antecendent of pronoun and in the other option they and their can't use to this sentence.
6. If motorist do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine.
The Incorrect Answer : D. Have to pay a fine
The reason : fine should be fined. For parallel structure, all past participles are required
7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
The Incorrect Answer : C. Had
The Reason : had should be had had. The past perfect should be used; the accident happened first.
8. A short time before her operation last month, Mrs.Carlyle dreams of her daughter who lives overseas.
The Incorrect Answer : C. Dreams
The Reason : dreams should be dreamed. Use past time because it happened last month.
9. The atmosphere in Andalucia is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all who have the good fortune to visit there.
The Incorrect Answer : B. And gives a welcome feeling
The Reason : welcome should be welcoming. For parallel structure, all adjectives are required.
10. Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade, while others were singing songs.
The Incorrect Answer : C. Watched
The Reason : watched should be watching. Were standing … watching is correct parallel structure.
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